Archive for July, 2011
OCC Guidance: Third Party Service Providers in Prepaid Access Programs
On June 28, 2011, the OCC issued a bulletin titled “Description: Risk Management Guidance and Sound Practices” with respect to use of third party service providers for prepaid access programs (the Bulletin).
The Bulletin provides guidance on the risk management expectations of the OCC with respect to all prepaid programs, but especially for banks using third party service providers for their prepaid access programs. While the Bulletin is not binding per se, there is near certainty that the OCC will be examining banks based on the guidance provided in the Bulletin.
The Bulletin sets forth several areas of guidance, including:
- Objectives and risk parameters (including risk limits, program objectives and reporting, performance criteria, and board review of the program)
- Policies, procedures and due diligence (including acceptable and well understood policies and procedures, an exit strategy, detailed evaluation of the selection, and oversight of third party service providers). This section of the Bulletin also contains a complete list of required contract terms.
- Audit and compliance functions (including adequate personnel, testing of accounts with respect to fee disclosures, testing of BSA/AML and OFAC compliance)
- Parameters for reporting to the Board of Directors
While most of the general topics within the Bulletin were generally known to be areas where the OCC has previously indicated are areas of concern, the Bulletin drills down further into those areas with specific procedures and requirements that were not previously known or that were not previously a common practice within the industry. As a result, all banks regulated by the OCC which issue or sell payroll cards, gift cards or general spend prepaid cards should carefully review the Bulletin and begin implementation of the procedures and requirements contained within the Bulletin.
Even for banks that do not issue or sell prepaid cards, or are not national banks, the guidance offers insight into the expectations of the bank regulators on managing risk.
When Does a Manufactured Home Become Real Property in Missouri?
The Missouri legislature has removed some of the uncertainty of determining when a manufactured home (also sometimes known as a mobile home) ceases to be personal property and becomes real property. Effective March 1, 2011, the legislature established statutory procedures for converting manufactured homes into real property through a process of affixation, and for converting such real property back to personal property.
A “manufactured home” is defined in Section 700.010(6) RSMo as a “structure, transportable in one or more sections, which, in the traveling mode, is eight body feet or more in width or forty body feet or more in length, or, when erected on site, is three hundred twenty or more square feet, and which is built on a permanent chassis and designed to be used as a dwelling with or without a permanent foundation when connected to the required utilities, and includes the plumbing, heating, air-conditioning, and electrical systems contained therein. The term includes any structure that meets all of the [foregoing] requirements… except the size requirements and with respect to which the manufacturer voluntarily files a certification required by the United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and complies with the standards established under Title 42 of the United States Code.”
Previously, the only statutory criteria governing conversion of manufactured homes to real property were that the owner of a manufactured home attach it to a permanent foundation on real estate owned by the manufactured home owner and that the transporting apparatus be removed or modified, rendering the manufactured home impractical to reconvert to personal property. Consequently, disputes arose whether the manufactured home was actually converted to real property when the criteria were solely factual determinations. Under the new legislation found at Section 442.015 RSMo, in addition to the physical act of attachment, the owner of the real estate must file an affidavit of affixation with the office of the recorder of deeds in the county where the manufactured home is permanently affixed.
Once an affidavit of affixation is recorded, the statute requires that a certified copy of the affidavit of affixation be filed with the Missouri Department of Revenue together with an application for surrender of the manufacturer’s certificate of origin.
After the affidavit of affixation has been recorded and the certified copy is filed with the Missouri Department of Revenue, the manufactured home is deemed to be real estate for both taxation and conveyance purposes. Thereafter, title can be transferred by deed or other form of conveyance that is effective to transfer an interest in real estate, and a mortgage, deed of trust, lien or security interest also then can attach.
If and when a manufactured home for which an affidavit of affixation has been recorded is detached or severed from the real estate to which it is affixed, the owner may record an affidavit of severance in the county real estate records where the affidavit of affixation is recorded. The statute directs the recorder of deeds to issue a certified copy of the affidavit of severance, which certified copy must be filed with the Director of Revenue. Section 700.111 RSMo also establishes a process for obtaining a new certificate of title after a manufactured home has been detached or severed from the real estate.
Forms of the both the affidavit of affixation (Form 5312) and the affidavit of severance (Form 5313) can be found on the website of the Missouri Department of Revenue at http://dor.mo.gov.
For a more in-depth version of this alert, see our website.
Special thanks to Marcia Charney of our Real Estate Division for preparing this article.
